Synthetic rutile refers to a titanium-rich raw material produced by separating most of the iron components in ilmenite using chemical processing methods. It is similar in composition and structural properties to natural rutile, with TiO2 content fluctuating within the range of 87%-96% depending on the processing technology, making it a high-quality substitute for rutile.

Zircon sand is a mineral mainly composed of zirconium, silicon, and oxygen crystallized from magma during the formation of igneous rocks. It can also be found in veins and metamorphic rocks, often coexisting with ilmenite, rutile, monazite, xenotime, and other minerals in coastal sands, and can be obtained through mineral selection processes such as water selection, electric selection, and magnetic separation. Its theoretical composition is 67.1% of ZrO2: and 32.9% of SiO2. The most industrially valuable zircon deposits are placer deposits, with 98% of zircon being a byproduct of titanium placers. Pure zircon sand is colorless and transparent crystals, and due to impurities, may exhibit purple-red, yellow-brown, light yellow, light red, green, gray, and colorless adamantine luster. It has a Morse hardness of 7.5 to 8 and a specific gravity of 4.4 to 4.8, a brittle solid with shell-like fracture. Zircon sand has a refractive index of 1.93-2.01 and a melting point of 2340-2550℃. It is heat-resistant and vibration-resistant, with good stability and strong corrosion resistance to slag.

Rutile is a pure natural TiO2 mineral generally containing more than 95% TiO2. It features high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength, small specific gravity, and other excellent properties. It is an important mineral raw material for refining titanium with a relatively small reserve in the earth's crust. As the current global reserve of natural rutile depletes, its production declines year by year. Rutile belongs to the tetragonal crystal system, which often has intact tetragonal columnar or acicular crystal form and aggregates in the form of granular or dense masses. Its color is generally dark red, maroon, yellow, or orange, with iron-rich rutile being black. Rutile streaks are yellow to light brown. It has a diamond-like luster, and iron-rich rutile has a semi-metallic luster. Rutile is brittle, with a hardness of 6-6.5 and a density of 4.2-4.3 g/cm3.

Reduced ilmenite is a dark gray mineral powder, which plays a role in arc stabilization due to its main component being TiO2. Therefore, it can improve the process performance of welding rods. In addition, reduced ilmenite contains nearly 30% elemental iron, which can significantly improve the deposition efficiency of welding materials. It is obtained by preparing ilmenite, reducing agent, and desulfurizing agent into raw materials, adding them to the rotary kiln, and heating them to 1050-1180°C for reduction under a reducing atmosphere maintained at 0-4 mm water column pressure, followed by cooling, sieving, magnetic separation, winnowing, and blending. It has a relative density of 4.0-5.0 and a hardness of 5-5.5. It is iron black or steel gray, with streaks of steel gray or black; when containing hematite inclusions, it appears brown or maroon with a metallic to semi-metallic luster. Reduced ilmenite is opaque with no cleavage.

The main component of iron oxide red is iron(III) oxide. In the presence of impurity carbon, iron metal will react with moisture and oxygen in the environment and rust, producing iron(III) oxide, which is also known as iron oxide red. There are two types of iron oxide red preparation methods: wet and dry. The wet process produces fine crystals with soft particles, which are easy to grind and can be used as pigments. The dry process produces large crystals with hard particles, which are suitable for making magnetic materials, polishing materials, and grinding materials.

Coal-based activated carbon is produced from high-quality coal through the process of carbonization, cooling, activation, and washing. It is generally a black irregular-shaped activated carbon, with an iodine adsorption value of 550-700 mg/g, a ≤5% water content, and a methylene blue adsorption value above 6. It possesses a well-developed pore structure and large specific surface area, featuring good adsorption performance, high mechanical strength, easy for repeated regeneration, and low cost.